CBAM factor

Directive (EU) 2023/959 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 10 May 2023 amending Directive 2003/87/EC establishing a system for greenhouse gas emission allowance trading within the Union and Decision (EU) 2015/1814 concerning the establishment and operation of a market stability reserve for the Union greenhouse gas emission trading system

Article 1(13)

Article 10a is amended as follows:
[...]
b) the following paragraph is inserted:
‘1a.   Subject to the application of Regulation (EU) 2023/956, no free allocation shall be given in relation to the production of goods listed in Annex I to that Regulation.
By way of derogation from the first subparagraph of this paragraph, for the first years of application of Regulation (EU) 2023/956, the production of goods listed in Annex I to that Regulation shall benefit from free allocation in reduced amounts. A factor reducing the free allocation for the production of those goods shall be applied (CBAM factor). The CBAM factor shall be equal to 100 % for the period between the entry into force of that Regulation and the end of 2025 and, subject to the application of provisions referred to in Article 36(2), point (b), of that Regulation, shall be equal to 97,5 % in 2026, 95 % in 2027, 90 % in 2028, 77,5 % in 2029, 51,5 % in 2030, 39 % in 2031, 26,5 % in 2032 and 14 % in 2033. From 2034, no CBAM factor shall apply.
The reduction of free allocation shall be calculated annually as the average share of the demand for free allocation for the production of goods listed in Annex I to Regulation (EU) 2023/956 compared to the calculated total free allocation demand for all installations, for the relevant period referred to in Article 11(1) of this Directive. The CBAM factor shall be applied in this calculation.
Allowances resulting from the reduction of free allocation shall be made available to support innovation in accordance with paragraph 8.
By 31 December 2024 and as part of its annual report to the European Parliament and to the Council pursuant to Article 10(5) of this Directive, the Commission shall assess the carbon leakage risk for goods subject to CBAM and produced in the Union for export to third countries which do not apply the EU ETS or a similar carbon pricing mechanism. The report shall in particular assess the carbon leakage risk in sectors to which CBAM will apply, in particular the role and accelerated uptake of hydrogen, and the developments as regards trade flows and the embedded emissions of goods produced by those sectors on the global market. Where the report concludes that there is a carbon leakage risk for goods produced in the Union for export to third countries which do not apply the EU ETS or an equivalent carbon pricing mechanism, the Commission shall, where appropriate, submit a legislative proposal to address that carbon leakage risk in a manner that is compliant with the rules of the World Trade Organization, including Article XX of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade 1994, and takes into account the decarbonisation of installations in the Union.’