Monitoring area is a part of the synchronous area or the entire synchronous area, physically demarcated by points of measurement at interconnectors to other monitoring areas, operated by one or more Transmission System Operators (TSOs) fulfilling the obligations of a monitoring area (Network Code on System Operation (System Operation Guideline - SOGL), Article 3(145)).
Article 141(3) of the SOGL stipulates that the real-time active power interchange of the monitoring area is constantly tracked by all TSOs in each monitoring area.
In most cases, the Load-Frequency Control Area (LFC Area) is equal to the monitoring area and to the TSOs' control area (The EU electricity network codes, Technical report, Leonardo Meeus, Tim Schittekatte, European University Institute, Badia Fiesolana, February 2018, p. 12).
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Network Code on System Operation (System Operation Guideline - SOGL), Article 3(145)
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Load-Frequency Control Block (LFC Block)