Borrowing of carbon units under EU ETS, California and Australia emission trading schemes
- Category: Emissions trading
'Borrowing' is commonly denoted as the use of compliance instruments from future vintage years for current compliance.
Such an option enhances compliance flexibility, cost-effectiveness and foster carbon price stability. However, borrowing provides an incentive to delay mitigation actions and thereby potentially weakens future targets.
Banking of units under EU ETS, California and Australia emission trading schemes
- Category: Emissions trading
Compliance flexibility can be enhanced by the option of saving credits/allowances to future periods (banking). This option enhances cost-effectiveness and foster carbon price stability. In addition, banking provides incentives for early action, but also involves increasing risks of over-allocation of allowances/credits in subsequent periods.
Analysing emerging emission trading schemes like California and Australia as well as an relatively old one - EU ETS, a general thesis can be posed that banking of allowances between periods becomes now a common rule. Sparse exceptions cover the EU ETS first trading period in the years 2005-2007 and the Australian fixed charge phase which will last till 1 July 2015.
Further developments as regards carbon markets position limits
- Category: Emissions trading
The position limits will be counted in California for each future vintage separately – according to the draft law. Also under the Australian framework the controlling corporation of a group must notify the Clean Energy Regulator if the group has a significant holding of carbon units.
What is resource shuffling and why it can cause problems
- Category: Emissions trading
The prohibition against resource shuffling is not currently introduced in EU ETS climate legislation. But for how long?
Push-Push-Pull – new proposition to improve the registries safety
- Category: Emissions trading
How many authorisations are necessary to make emissions allowances transfer request fraud-resistant and, concurrently, non-bureaucratic?
First Deliverers of Electricity as covered entities under California cap-and-trade – a few remarks on equal treatment
- Category: Emissions trading
All first deliverers of the electricity in the EU must be treated equally, whether they are in-Union generators or electricity importers.
Draft Regulation on central securities depositories – relation with the emission market
- Category: Emissions trading
The new framework for central securities depositories (CSD) provides for the rule that without prejudice to the corporate law under which the securities are constituted, an issuer will have the right to arrange for its securities to be recorded in any CSD established in any Member State. A CSD conducting business in different jurisdictions is obliged, however, to identify and mitigate the risks arising from any potential conflicts of laws across jurisdictions.
EC vs. ITRE – status for the physically settled forward products in MiFID II at stake
- Category: Emissions trading
The opinion of the ITRE Committee highlights the fact that physically settled forward products in MiFID II EC proposal are classified as financial instruments. The essence of the recent ITRE proposal is, however, to explicitly exclude products that can be physically settled and that are entered into for commercial purposes and do not display the characteristics of other derivative financial instruments.
Legal complications with cross-border collateral EUAs arrangements after recent Registry Regulation amendment
- Category: Emissions trading
It appears that the regulatory work has stopped half way. Since the critical determination whether a trade has been performed in good faith would still be done in accordance with national laws it could be presumed that problems with enforcement of property rights will persist.
Extending Financial Collateral Directive to spot emissions allowances trade – why not?
- Category: Emissions trading
It could presumably contribute to strengthening the liquidity in the emission allowances market and prop-up ailing prices if the safeguards provided for in the Financial Collateral Directive were extended to carbon instruments.
Also emitters could gain advantage from such a legislative action.
Alert for California potential opt-in entities
- Category: Emissions trading
May 1, 2012 – overlooking this date means heavy loses for California potential opt-in entities wishing to receive free allocation of 2013-vintage allowances in 2012.
The EUETS covered participants don’t have this problem because in the EUETS opt-in framework does not exist.
Global price for carbon - medium or longer term perspective?
- Category: Emissions trading
Is there a global price for carbon? Today the answer seems obvious - it isn't.
Legal nature of emission allowances as a property rights
- Category: Emissions trading
There are arguments that EUAs should be classified as "property" and "intangible property" at common law.
Transfer of EUAs as a proof of ownership
- Category: Emissions trading
It seems that before the amendment of the Registry Regulation rules as well as after such change the transfer of EUAs in itself may not be regarded as the sufficient proof of ownership of allowances sold. It is notably true when the allowances sold were transferred from an account other than the account of the seller.
Risk assessment report - State aid rules regarding carbon leakage sectors
- Category: Emissions trading
A tool for assessing risks inherent in draft Commission Guidelines with respect to aid to undertakings in sectors and subsectors deemed to be exposed to a significant risk of carbon leakage due to EU ETS allowance costs passed on in electricity prices (aid for indirect emission costs).
State aid rules regarding aid involved in optional transitional free allowances for the modernisation of electricity generation – unfeasible for beneficiaries?
- Category: Emissions trading
The important clarification regarding Article 10c of the Directive 2003/87/EC is that the market value of allowances allocated free of charge must not exceed the total costs for investments undertaken by the recipient of free allowances (at the level of company groups). If the total investment costs are lower than the market value of the allowances, the recipients of free allowances will be obliged to transfer the difference to a mechanism that will finance other investments eligible under the National Investment Plan.
The issue of State aid regime could be decisive for potential free allocations and consequently highly influential with respect to market price tendencies for emission allowances.
The protection of the good faith acquirer of emission allowances and finality of transactions in the new Registry Regulation – do they cause traders feel more comfortable?
- Category: Emissions trading
New provisions of the registry regulation entered at last into force. They significantly reduce the risk of questioning the legal title to emission allowances transferred into the buyer account.
This protection was so far considerably weaker and the Union legal framework did not protect these transactions to the sufficient extent, which was reflected in legal problems originated in thefts of allowances from registries, which, in turn, subsequently shrank the liquidity of the EU ETS spot market.
The Regulation on the Union Registry (which also amended the provisions on registry rules applying already in the second trading period) will in that regard play a fundamental role with respect to the trading in emission allowances.
 registry regulation 1193_2011 - Article 37.pdf | [ ] | 41 kB |
| registry regulation 1193_2011 - preamble point 12.pdf | [ ] | 32 kB |
| registry regulation 920_2010 - Article 32b.pdf | [ ] | 40 kB |
Qualitative restrictions, CERs and ERUs banking and other modalities with respect to Kyoto units in the third trading period
- Category: Emissions trading
Recent communication from the European Commission contains invaluable directions for project developers, emission credits investors and, last but not least, installation’s operators.
EIB is ready to monetise phase three allowances
- Category: Emissions trading
Even though the EIB declares that it does not take any view on EUA’s prices and does not have a price target for the monetisation of the EUAs and the main objective of the monetisation is to minimise any impact on the EUA market it will turn out soon what will be the effects of the whole process on the carbon market.