Single intraday coupling (SIDC) is an implicit cross-zonal capacity allocation mechanism which collects orders for each bidding zone from wholesale market participants and matches them continuously into contracts to deliver electricity while respecting cross-zonal capacity and allocation constraints, and is available in the intraday market timeframe once the day-ahead market allocation process has taken place.

         
                
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According to Article 2(27) of the Regulation establishing a Guideline on Capacity Allocation and Congestion Management - the CACM Regulation (Regulation on market coupling) 'single intraday coupling' means the 'continuous process where collected orders are matched and cross-zonal capacity is allocated simultaneously for different bidding zones in the intraday market'.

Single intraday coupling enables continuous cross-border trading across Europe, i.e. it allows for orders entered by market participants for continuous matching in one bidding zone to be matched by orders analogously submitted by market participants in any other bidding zone within the project’s scope as far as transmission capacity is available.

The implementation of a single intraday coupling with implicit continuous cross-zonal capacity allocation, as laid down in the CACM Regulation, is expected to increase liquidity, because participants will have access to a larger portfolio of bids and offers to meet their balancing needs. Annual Report of the ACER and CEER on the Results of Monitoring the Internal Electricity and Gas Markets in 2016 (Electricity Wholesale Markets Volume) published in October 2017 mentioned (p. 49) that cross-zonal capacity was used more efficiently in 2016 in the intraday timeframe on borders where the capacity was allocated by using implicit allocation methods (61% of efficiency) as opposed to explicit or other allocation methods (40%). Nevertheless, the said Report of October 2017 assessed that the level of utilisation of cross-zonal capacity in the intraday timeframe remained low in 2016. According to Article 8(1) of the CACM Regulation all TSOs in EU Member States electrically connected to another Member State must participate in the single intraday and day-ahead coupling.

 

SIDC algorithm

 

The SIDC solution is based on a common IT system with one Shared Order Book (SOB), a Capacity Management Module (CMM) and a Shipping Module (SM). Functionalities of the CMM and SOB modules are explained in the NEMO Committee document “Continues Trading Matching Algorithm” of February 2020.

 

CMM

 

The CMM provides the functionality for managing and allocating available transmission capacity between all areas in the underlying power transmission network. When cross-border trades are concluded, the required cross-border capacity is implicitly allocated in the CMM. Explicit market participants can directly access the CMM to transmit explicit capacity requests.

 

SOB

 

The SOB module contains the basic functionality for continuous trading, like order entry, order management and order matching. Tradable electricity contracts are automatically generated in the SOB module and made available for trading based on a predefined trading schedule. The XBID solution enables multiple power exchanges to connect to the central SOB module. Traders cannot connect to the SOB directly, instead, they connect to one or more trading solutions of power exchanges (NEMOs). Orders on contracts tradable in XBID, which are entered into a trading solution of a power exchange, are transmitted to the SOB, where they can be matched against each other. SOB always performs these matches regardless whether the orders were entered in the same bidding zone or in different bidding zones and regardless of the power exchange that transmitted the orders – provided that a match is possible.

The SOB module maintains a consolidated order book across all participating bidding zones and NEMOs, based on available transmission capacity between bidding zones.

 

SIDC algorithm's ownership

 

It is noteworthy, ACER Recommendation of 20 December 2021 on reasoned amendments to the Capacity Allocation and Congestion Management Regulation (Annex 1a, draft Recital 25) proposed changes to a wide range of topics, including market coupling governance and operations. In particular, ACER recommended that Transmission System Operators (TSOs) and Nominated Electricity Market Operators (NEMOs) should, to increase the transparency of price formation, regularly publish the fundamental data on the use of electricity infrastructure and prices, including also algorithms used to calculate single day-ahead and intraday coupling results. 

According to the ACER:

- the source code of these algorithm needs to be considered as being a good of public interest that should be available to all interested public;
- to achieve this, the the Market Coupling Operator (MCO) should obtain ownership of these algorithms with procurement from either existing owners or new providers, while avoiding any double compensation of possible historical costs already paid by network users for these algorithms.

 

SIDC organisational set-up

 

ENTSO-E Market Report 2019 of August 2019 noted (p. 5, 19, 21) that the project since go-live in June 2018 included:

clip2   

 

 See also:

 

Market coupling 

 

Intraday electricity market

 

ENTSO-E website on SIDC

 

Cross-Border Intraday: Questions & Answers

- 26 countries,

- 31 TSOs,

- 15 NEMOs,

- more than 15 million executed trades, in total.

The aforementioned TSOs and NEMOs cooperate under the agreement governing the SIDC - the intraday operational agreement (IDOA). This agreement rules the cooperation of TSOs and NEMOs regarding the establishment, amendment, and operation of the coupling. It was agreed by all TSOs and NEMOs of the EU Member States plus Norway but excluding Slovakian parties.

The signatory parties of the IDOA are as follows:

1. TSOs:

Affärsverket Svenska Kraftnät, Amprion GmbH, Augst - sprieguma tīkls, Austrian Power Grid AG, Britned Development Limited, National Power Grid Company Transe- lectrica S.A., ČEPS a.s., CREOS Luxembourg S.A, Croatian Transmission System Operator Ltd., Electricity System Operator EAD, Elering AS, ELES Ltd., Electricity Transmission System Operator, Elia System Operator SA/NV, Energinet Elsystemansvar A/S, EirGrid plc, Fingrid OYJ, Independent Power Transmission Operator S.A, Litgrid AB, Mavir Ltd., National Grid Interconnectors Limited, Polskie Sieci Elektroenergetyczne S.A., Red Eléctrica de España S.A.U., REN - Rede Eléctrica Nacional, S.A., RTE Réseau de Transport d’Electricité, SONI Limited, Statnett SF, TenneT TSO B.V, TenneT TSO GmbH, Terna - Rete Electrica Nazionale S.p.A, Transnet BW GmbH, and 50Hertz Transmission GmbH;

2. NEMOs:

BSP Energy Exchange LLC, Croatian Power Exchange Ltd., EirGrid plc, EPEX SPOT SE, European Market Coupling Operator AS, EXAA Abwicklungsstelle für Energieprodukte AG, Gestore dei Mercati Energetici S.p.A, Hellenic Energy Exchange S.A., HUPX Hungarian Power Exchange Company Limited by Shares, Independent Bulgarian Energy Exchange, OMI, POLO ESPAÑOL S.A., Operator of Electricity Market S.A., Operatorul Pieţei de Energie Electrică şi de Gaze Naturale S.A., OTE a.s., SONI Limited, and Towarowa Giełda Energii S.A.

The SIDC contractual framework is complemented by:

- the TSOs only agreement: the TSOs cooperation agreement for intraday coupling (TCID),
- a NEMO only agreement: the all-NEMOs intraday operational agreement (ANIDOA), and
- local arrangements, which specify or complete the general principles described in the IDOA.

In the joint TSO-NEMO organisation, decisions are taken by all IDOA signatory parties at the intraday steering committee. The key service provider is Deutsche Börse AG. The complementary regional intraday auctions, as referred to in Article 63 of the CACM regulation and the post-coupling processes, including rights and obligations of CCPs, are outside the scope of the IDOA and are outlined in local arrangements.

 

XBID

 

The idea that the delivery of the European intraday market coupling should be based on the cross-border intraday (XBID) commercial solution was proposed by NEMOs to National Regulatory Authorities in the ‘All NEMO proposal for the Market Coupling Operator (MCO) Plan’ of 13 April 2017. The intention of this multi-NEMO solution was to bring together the whole European intraday continuous market. The implementation of the SIDC through the XBID project was successfully launched in its first phase on 12 June 2018. The implementation of the XBID project was considered as the formal start of the SIDC (the ACER’s stance in the Decision No 04/2018 of 24 April 2018 on all Transmission System Operators’ Proposal for Intraday Cross-Zonal Gate Opening and Intraday Cross-Zonal Gate Closure Times, p. 9), although it was not implemented on all bidding zone borders.

As from 12 June 2018 XBID has been delivering continuous trading of electricity across the following countries: Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Latvia, Lithuania, Norway, The Netherlands, Portugal, Spain and Sweden. The SIDC second wave started as from 19 November 2019 (with first deliveries on 20 November 2019) and the following countries: Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland, Romania and Slovenia joined the continuous trading of electricity across the EU. Hence, as from 19 November 2019 a pan-European trading was in place across 21 countries coupled through the SIDC.

A 3rd wave successful go-live was 5 October 2021 integrating Italy, which joined SIDC coupling on 21st September 2021. This way intraday trading has been extended across 23 countries coupled through SIDC.

The go-live on 21st September 2021 integrated the Northern Italian borders (IT-FR, IT-AT and IT-SI) as well as the Italian internal bidding zones borders into the already coupled intraday region.
Cross-border capacity on Italian borders is allocated, starting from 21st September 2021, both in the continuous trading through SIDC and in three intraday regional auctions (CRIDAs) involving IT-SI and IT-GR borders.

Interestingly, the intraday solution supports (and it is in line with the EU target model for an integrated intraday market) both:

- implicit continuous trading, as well as

- the explicit allocation on the French/German and Croatian/Slovenian borders (as requested by the respective National Regulatory Authorities).

 

Maximum and minimum clearing price limits for single intraday coupling

 

For the purposes of setting the clearing price limits for single intraday coupling the following definitions are used:

1. ‘harmonised maximum clearing price for SIDC’ means the maximum clearing price value, which is applied in all bidding zones which participate in SIDC; and

2. ‘harmonised minimum clearing price for SIDC’ means the minimum clearing price value, which is applied in all bidding zones which participate in SIDC.

The harmonised maximum clearing price limit for single intra day coupling was proposed by NEMOs to be set at + 9999 Euro/MWh, while the harmonised minimum clearing price limit for single intra day coupling was proposed to be set at - 9999 Euro/MWh (All NEMO’s proposal for harmonised maximum and minimum clearing prices for Single Intra Day Coupling in accordance with Article 54(2) of Commission Regulation (EU) 2015/1222 of July 2015 establishing a guideline on capacity allocation and congestion management, 14 February 2017). The above propositions have been approved by the ACER (Article 3 of the Annex I to the Decision No 05/2017 of 14 November 2017).

Moreover, in Article 4 of the said Annex ACER stipulated the criteria and process for establishing and amending maximum price for SIDC (see the box). In particular, the harmonised maximum clearing price for SIDC is to be amended in the event that harmonised maximum clearing price for single day-ahead coupling (SDAC) is increased above the harmonised maximum clearing price for SIDC. In such a case, the harmonised maximum clearing price for SIDC will also increase to be equal to the harmonised maximum clearing price for SDAC. Any such change must be implemented and applied at the same time that the harmonised maximum clearing price for SDAC is applied.

The NEMOs are required to transparently announce and publish the amended harmonised maximum clearing price for SIDC at least four weeks before its implementation and application in SIDC. In order to avoid strategic bidding between different market time horizons and consider decreasing flexibility of generation units due to technical restrictions, the clearing price limit for the intraday day market should always be higher than day-ahead (ENTSO—E‘s view quoted in the Annex II to the said ACER’s Decision 05/2017 -Evaluation of responses to the Public consultation on the proposal on harmonised maximum and minimum clearing prices).

On 24 May 2022 All NEMO Committee started public consultation on harmonized maximum and minimum clearing prices for for single intraday coupling and on 29 August 2022 the result paper was published. On 10 January 2023 the ACER adopted Decision No 02/2023 on the Nominated Electricity Market Operators proposal for the harmonised maximum and minimum clearing price methodology for the single intraday coupling.

 


Decision of the Agency for the Cooperation of Energy Regulators No 05/2017 of 14 November 2017 on the Nominated Electricity Market Operators proposal for harmonised maximum and minimum clearing prices for single intraday coupling

Annex I - Harmonised maximum and minimum clearing prices for single intraday coupling in accordance with Article 54(1) of Commission Regulation (EU) 2015/1222 of 24 July 2015 establishing a guideline on capacity allocation and congestion management (CACM Regulation)

Article 3
Harmonised maximum and minimum clearing prices for SIDC
1. The harmonised maximum clearing price for SIDC shall be +9999 EUR/MWh.
2. The harmonised minimum clearing price for SIDC shall be -9999 EUR/MWh.

Article 4
Criteria and process for establishing and amending maximum price for SIDC

1. The harmonised maximum clearing price for SIDC in accordance with Article 3(1) shall be amended in the event that harmonised maximum clearing price for SDAC is increased above the harmonised maximum clearing price for SIDC pursuant to Article 4 of the Harmonised maximum and minimum clearing prices for single day-ahead coupling in accordance with Article 41(1) of Commission Regulation (EU) 2015/1222 of 24 July 2015 establishing a guideline on capacity allocation and congestion management. In such a case, the harmonised maximum clearing price for SIDC shall also increase to be equal to the harmonised maximum clearing price for SDAC. Any such change shall be implemented and applied at the same time that the harmonised maximum clearing price for SDAC is applied.

2. The NEMOs shall transparently announce and publish the amended harmonised maximum clearing price for SIDC at least four weeks before its implementation and application in SIDC.

3. The NEMOs shall, at least every two years, reassess the HMMCP, share this assessment with all market participants and consult it in relevant stakeholder forums organised in accordance with Article 11 of the CACM Regulation. A reassessment may also follow any amendment in accordance with paragraph (Error! Reference source not found.), if the NEMOs deem it appropriate. 

 

Single Intraday Coupling Products


According to All NEMOs’ proposal of 14 February 2017 for products that can be taken into account by NEMOs in intraday coupling process in accordance with Article 53 of CACM Regulation the continuous trading matching algorithm is required to support the following products:
a) Hourly: the product supports trading in 24 power contracts, one for each hour of the day. The system automatically generates these contracts and makes them available for trading one day before the delivery day at a specified time.
b) Half-hourly: the product supports trading in 48 power contracts, one for each half-hour of the day. The system automatically generates these contracts and makes them available for trading one day before the delivery day at a specified time.
c) Quarter-hourly: the product supports trading in 96 power contracts, one for each 15-min slot of the day. The system automatically generates these contracts and makes them available for trading one day before the delivery day at a specified time.
d) Predefined blocks, being single-type aggregations of hourly, half-hourly or quarter-hourly contracts. Predefined blocks combine several contiguous contracts of a single type with a minimum of two, which must be executed together.
e) User defined blocks: other than predefined blocks, these are on-demand combinations of contracts defined by the user. The delivery period of user-defined blocks (user-defined market contracts) must always be coverable by multiple regular market contracts of the product and with consecutive delivery times.

On 29 April 2022 the NEMO Committee published the result paper of the public consultation on SIDC Products.

 

Intraday Cross-Zonal Gate Opening and Closure Times

 

The ACER Decision No 04/2018 of 24 April 2018 determined that the intraday cross-zonal market:

- shall open (Intraday Cross-Zonal Gate Opening Time (IDCZGOT)) at 15:00 market time day-ahead, and

- shall close (Intraday Cross-Zonal Gate Closure Time (IDCZGCT)) 60 minutes (30 minutes for Estonia-Finland border) before the start of the relevant market time unit.

 

Extra-EU issues

 

Single intraday coupling may be opened to market operators and TSOs operating in Switzerland on the condition that the Swiss national law implements the main provisions of EU electricity market legislation and that there is an intergovernmental agreement on electricity cooperation between the EU and Switzerland (Annual Report of the ACER and CEER on the Results of Monitoring the Internal Electricity and Gas Markets in 2016 (Electricity Wholesale Markets Volume) published in October 2017, p. 43). 

 

Legal framework for the single intraday market coupling

 

Detailed rules for the single intraday coupling are stipulated in Articles 51 - 68 and Recital 29 of the CACM Regulation  - see box. Moreover, the policies and measures related to the roll-out of intraday market coupling should be described in the national climate and energy plans, the EU Member States are required to prepare under Article 3 of the Regulation of the European Parliament and of the Council on the Governance of the Energy Union.

Nevertheless, the ACER in its Monitoring report of 30 January 2019 on the implementation of the CACM Regulation and the FCA Regulation assessed (p. 5) that “[t]he design of the single intraday coupling, including the underlying capacity calculation, is not well defined in the CACM Regulation. The current development of different terms and conditions or methodologies in this area indicates that there is a significant risk that single intraday markets could be highly fragmented in terms of timeframes, design and geography. More clarity and harmonisation through the CACM Regulation would help mitigate this risk.” 

 


Regulation establishing a Guideline on Capacity Allocation and Congestion Management - CACM (Regulation on market coupling)

 

CHAPTER 6
Single intraday coupling

 

Section 1
Objectives, conditions and results of single intraday coupling

 

Article 51

Objectives of the continuous trading matching algorithm

1. From the intraday cross-zonal gate opening time until the intraday cross-zonal gate closure time, the continuous trading matching algorithm shall determine which orders to select for matching such that matching:
(a) aims at maximising economic surplus for single intraday coupling per trade for the intraday market time-frame by allocating capacity to orders for which it is feasible to match in accordance with the price and time of submission;
(b) respects the allocation constraints provided in accordance with Article 58(1);
(c) respects the cross-zonal capacity provided in accordance with Article 58(1);
(d) respects the requirements for the delivery of results set out in Article 60;
(e) is repeatable and scalable.
2. The continuous trading matching algorithm shall produce the results provided for in Article 52 and correspond to the product capabilities and functionalities set out in Article 53.


Article 52

Results of the continuous trading matching algorithm

1. All NEMOs, as part of their MCO function, shall ensure that the continuous trading matching algorithm produces at least the following results:
(a) the execution status of orders and prices per trade;
(b) a single net position for each bidding zone and market time unit within the intraday market.
2. All NEMOs shall ensure the accuracy and efficiency of results produced by the continuous trading matching algorithm.
3. All TSOs shall verify that the results of the continuous trading matching algorithm are consistent with cross-zonal capacity and allocation constraints in accordance with Article 58(2).


Article 53

Products accommodated

1. No later than 18 months after the entry into force of this Regulation NEMOs shall submit a joint proposal concerning products that can be taken into account in the single intraday coupling. NEMOs shall ensure that all orders resulting from these products submitted to enable the MCO functions to be performed in accordance with Article 7 are expressed in euros and make reference to the market time and the market time unit.
2. All NEMOs shall ensure that orders resulting from these products are compatible with the characteristics of cross-zonal capacity, allowing them to be matched simultaneously.
3. All NEMOs shall ensure that the continuous trading matching algorithm is able to accommodate orders covering one market time unit and multiple market time units.
4. By two years after the entry into force of this Regulation and in every second subsequent year, all NEMOs shall consult in accordance with Article 12:
(a) market participants, to ensure that available products reflect their needs;
(b) all TSOs, to ensure products take due account of operational security;
(c) all regulatory authorities, to ensure that the available products comply with the objectives of this Regulation.
5. All NEMOs shall amend the products if needed pursuant to the results of the consultation referred to in paragraph 4.


Article 54

Maximum and minimum prices 

1. By 18 months after the entry into force of this Regulation, all NEMOs shall, in cooperation with the relevant TSOs, develop a proposal on harmonised maximum and minimum clearing prices to be applied in all bidding zones which participate in single intraday coupling. The proposal shall take into account an estimation of the value of lost load.
The proposal shall be subject to consultation in accordance with Article 12.
2. All NEMOs shall submit the proposal to all regulatory authorities for approval. Where a Member State has provided that an authority other than the national regulatory authority has the power to approve maximum and minimum clearing prices at the national level, the regulatory authority shall consult the proposal with the relevant authority as regards its impact on national markets.
3. After receiving a decision from the regulatory authorities, all NEMOs shall inform the concerned TSOs of that decision without unjustifiable delay.


Article 55

Pricing of intraday capacity

1. Once applied, the single methodology for pricing intraday cross-zonal capacity developed in accordance with Article 55(3) shall reflect market congestion and shall be based on actual orders.
2. Prior to the approval of the single methodology for pricing intraday cross-zonal capacity set out in paragraph 3, TSOs may propose an intraday cross-zonal capacity allocation mechanism with reliable pricing consistent with the requirements of paragraph 1 for approval by the regulatory authorities of the relevant Member States. This mechanism shall ensure that the price of intraday cross-zonal capacity is available to the market participants at the time of matching the orders.
3. By 24 months after the entry into force of this Regulation, all TSOs shall develop a proposal for a single methodology for pricing intraday cross-zonal capacity. The proposal shall be subject to consultation in accordance with Article 12.
4. No charges, such as imbalance fees or additional fees, shall be applied to intraday cross-zonal capacity except for the pricing in accordance with paragraphs 1, 2 and 3.


Article 56

Methodology for calculating scheduled exchanges resulting from single intraday coupling

1. By 16 months after the entry into force of this Regulation, the TSOs which intend to calculate scheduled exchanges resulting from single intraday coupling shall develop a proposal for a common methodology for this calculation.
The proposal shall be subject to consultation in accordance with Article 12.
2. The methodology shall describe the calculation and, where required, shall list the information which the relevant NEMOs shall provide to the scheduled exchange calculator and the time limits for delivering this information.
3. The calculation of scheduled exchanges shall be based on net positions as specified in Article 52(1)(b).
4. No later than two years after the approval by the regulatory authorities of the concerned region of the proposal referred to in paragraph 1, the relevant TSOs shall review the methodology. Thereafter, if requested by the competent regulatory authorities, the TSOs shall review the methodology every two years.


Article 57

Arrangements concerning more than one NEMO in one bidding zone and for interconnectors which are not operated by certified TSOs

1. TSOs in bidding zones where more than one NEMO is designated and/or offers trading services, or where interconnectors which are not operated by TSOs certified according to Article 3 of Regulation (EC) No 714/2009 exist, shall develop a proposal for cross-zonal capacity allocation and other necessary arrangements for such bidding zones in cooperation with concerned TSOs, NEMOs and operators of interconnectors who are not certified as TSOs to ensure that the relevant NEMOs and interconnectors provide the necessary data and financial coverage for such arrangements. These arrangements must allow additional TSOs and NEMOs to join these arrangements.
2. The proposal shall be submitted for approval by the relevant national regulatory authorities within 4 months of more than one NEMO being designated and/or allowed to offer trading services in a bidding zone or if a new interconnector is not operated by a certified TSO. For existing interconnectors which are not operated by certified TSOs the proposal shall be submitted within 4 months after entry into force of this Regulation.


Section 2
The single intraday coupling process

 

Article 58

Provision of input data

1. Each coordinated capacity calculator shall ensure that cross-zonal capacity and allocation constraints are provided to the relevant NEMOs no later than 15 minutes before the intraday cross-zonal gate opening time.
2. If updates to cross-zonal capacity and allocation constraints are required, due to operational changes on the transmission system, each TSO shall notify the coordinated capacity calculators in its capacity calculation region. The coordinated capacity calculators shall then notify the relevant NEMOs.
3. If any coordinated capacity calculator is unable to comply with paragraph 1, that coordinated capacity calculator shall notify the relevant NEMOs. These NEMOs shall publish a notice to all market participants without unjustifiable delay.


Article 59

Operation of single intraday coupling

1. By 16 months after the entry into force of this Regulation, all TSOs shall be responsible for proposing the intraday cross-zonal gate opening and intraday cross-zonal gate closure times. The proposal shall be subject to consultation in accordance with Article 12.
2. The intraday cross-zonal gate closure time shall be set in such a way that it:

(a) maximises market participants' opportunities for adjusting their balances by trading in the intraday market time-frame as close as possible to real time; and

(b) provides TSOs and market participants with sufficient time for their scheduling and balancing processes in relation to network and operational security.
3. One intraday cross-zonal gate closure time shall be established for each market time unit for a given bidding zone border. It shall be at most one hour before the start of the relevant market time unit and shall take into account the relevant balancing processes in relation to operational security.
4. The intraday energy trading for a given market time unit for a bidding zone border shall start at the latest at the intraday cross-zonal gate opening time of the relevant bidding zone borders and shall be allowed until the intraday cross-zonal gate closure time.
5. Before the intraday cross-zonal gate closure time, market participants shall submit to relevant NEMOs all the orders for a given market time unit. All NEMOs shall submit the orders for a given market time unit for single matching immediately after the orders have been received from market participants.
6. Orders matched in single intraday coupling shall be considered firm.
7. MCO functions shall ensure the anonymity of orders submitted via the shared order book.


Article 60

Delivery of results

1. All NEMOs performing MCO functions shall deliver the continuous trading matching algorithm results:
(a) to all other NEMOs, for results on the execution status per trade specified in Article 52(1)(a);
(b) to all TSOs and scheduled exchange calculators, for results single net positions specified in Article 52(1)(b).
2. If, in accordance with paragraph 1(a), any NEMO, for reasons outside its responsibility, is unable to deliver these continuous trading matching algorithm results, it shall notify all other NEMOs.
3. If, in accordance with paragraph 1(b), any NEMO, for reasons outside its responsibility, is unable to deliver these continuous trading matching algorithm results, it shall notify all TSOs and each scheduled exchange calculator as soon as reasonably practicable. All NEMOs shall notify the market participants concerned.
4. All NEMOs shall send, without undue delay, the necessary information to market participants to ensure that the actions specified in Articles 68 and 73(3) can be undertaken.


Article 61

Calculation of scheduled exchanges resulting from single intraday coupling

1. Each scheduled exchange calculator shall calculate scheduled exchanges between bidding zones for each market time unit in accordance with the methodology established in accordance with Article 56.
2. Each scheduled exchange calculator shall notify the relevant NEMOs, central counter parties, shipping agents, and TSOs of the agreed scheduled exchanges.


Article 62

Publication of market information

1. As soon as the orders are matched, each NEMO shall publish for relevant market participants at least the status of execution of orders and prices per trade produced by the continuous trading matching algorithm in accordance with Article 52(1)(a).
2. Each NEMO shall ensure that information on aggregated executed volumes and prices is made publicly available in an easily accessible format for at least 5 years. The information to be published shall be proposed by all NEMOS within the proposal for continuous trading matching algorithm pursuant to Article 37(5).


Article 63

Complementary regional auctions

1. By 18 months after the entry into force of this Regulation, the relevant NEMOs and TSOs on bidding zone borders may jointly submit a common proposal for the design and implementation of complementary regional intraday auctions. The proposal shall be subject to consultation in accordance with Article 12.
2. Complementary regional intraday auctions may be implemented within or between bidding zones in addition to the single intraday coupling solution referred to in Article 51. In order to hold regional intraday auctions, continuous trading within and between the relevant bidding zones may be stopped for a limited period of time before the intraday cross-zonal gate closure time, which shall not exceed the minimum time required to hold the auction and in any case 10 minutes.

3. For complementary regional intraday auctions, the methodology for pricing intraday cross-zonal capacity may differ from the methodology established in accordance with Article 55(3) but it shall nevertheless meet the principles provided for in Article 55(1).

4. The competent regulatory authorities may approve the proposal for complementary regional intraday auctions if the following conditions are met:
(a) regional auctions shall not have an adverse impact on the liquidity of the single intraday coupling;
(b) all cross-zonal capacity shall be allocated through the capacity management module;
(c) the regional auction shall not introduce any undue discrimination between market participants from adjacent regions;
(d) the timetables for regional auctions shall be consistent with single intraday coupling to enable market participants to trade as close as possible to real-time;
(e) regulatory authorities shall have consulted the market participants in the Member States concerned.
5. At least every two years after the decision on complementary regional auctions, the regulatory authorities of the Member States concerned shall review the compatibility of any regional solutions with single intraday coupling to ensure that the conditions above continue to be fulfilled.


Section 3
Transitional intraday arrangements

 

Article 64

Provisions relating to explicit allocation 

1. Where jointly requested by the regulatory authorities of the Member States of each of the bidding zone borders concerned, the TSOs concerned shall also provide explicit allocation, in addition to implicit allocation, that is to say, capacity allocation separate from the electricity trade, via the capacity management module on bidding zone borders.
2. The TSOs on the bidding zone borders concerned shall jointly develop a proposal on the conditions that shall be fulfilled by market participants to participate in explicit allocation. The proposal shall be subject to the joint approval by the regulatory authorities of the Member States of each of the bidding zone borders concerned.
3. When establishing the capacity management module, discrimination shall be avoided when simultaneously allocating capacity implicitly and explicitly. The capacity management module shall determine which orders to select for matching and which explicit capacity requests to accept, according to a ranking of price and time of entrance.


Article 65

Removal of explicit allocation

1. The NEMOs concerned shall cooperate closely with the TSOs concerned and shall consult market participants in accordance with Article 12 in order to translate the needs of market participants linked to explicit capacity allocation rights into non-standard intraday products.
2. Prior to deciding on the removal of explicit allocation, the regulatory authorities of the Member States of each of the bidding zone borders concerned shall jointly organise a consultation to assess whether the proposed non-standard intraday products meet the market participants' needs for intraday trading.
3. The competent regulatory authorities of the Member States of each of the bidding zone borders concerned shall jointly approve the introduced non-standard products and the removal of explicit allocation.


Article 66

Provisions relating to intraday arrangements

1. Market participants shall ensure the completion of nomination, clearing and settlement related to explicit allocation of cross-zonal capacity.
2. Market participants shall fulfil any financial obligations, relating to clearing and settlement arising from explicit allocation.
3. The participating TSOs shall publish relevant information on the interconnections to which explicit allocation is applicable, including the cross-zonal capacity for explicit allocation.


Article 67

Explicit requests for capacity

A request for explicit cross-zonal capacity may be submitted by a market participant only for an interconnection where the explicit allocation is applicable. For each request for explicit capacity the market participant shall submit the volume and the price to the capacity management module. The price and volume of explicit allocated capacity shall be made publicly available by the relevant TSOs.

 

CHAPTER 7
Clearing and settlement for single day-ahead and intraday coupling

 

Article 68

Clearing and settlement

1. The central counter parties shall ensure clearing and settlement of all matched orders in a timely manner. The central counter parties shall act as the counter party to market participants for all their trades with regard to the financial rights and obligations arising from these trades.
2. Each central counter party shall maintain anonymity between market participants.
3. Central counter parties shall act as counter party to each other for the exchange of energy between bidding zones with regard to the financial rights and obligations arising from these energy exchanges.
4. Such exchanges shall take into account:
(a) net positions produced in accordance with Articles 39(2)(b) and 52(1)(b);
(b) scheduled exchanges calculated in accordance with Articles 49 and 61.
5. Each central counter party shall ensure that for each market time unit:
(a) across all bidding zones, taking into account, where appropriate, allocation constraints, there are no deviations between the sum of energy transferred out of all surplus bidding zones and the sum of energy transferred into all deficit bidding zones;
(b) electricity exports and electricity imports between bidding zones equal each other, with any deviations resulting only from considerations of allocation constraints, where appropriate.
6. Notwithstanding paragraph 3, a shipping agent may act as a counter party between different central counter parties for the exchange of energy, if the parties concerned conclude a specific agreement to that effect. If no agreement is reached, the shipping arrangement shall be decided by the regulatory authorities responsible for the bidding zones between which the clearing and settlement of the exchange of energy is needed.
7. All central counter parties or shipping agents shall collect congestion incomes arising from the single day-ahead coupling specified in Articles 46 to 48 and from the single intraday coupling specified in Articles 58 to 60.
8. All central counter parties or shipping agents shall ensure that collected congestion incomes are transferred to the TSOs no later than two weeks after the date of settlement.
9. If the timing of payments is not harmonised between two bidding zones, the Member States concerned shall ensure that an entity is appointed to manage the timing mismatch and to bear the relevant costs.

 

Recital 29
Single day-ahead and intraday coupling require the introduction of harmonised maximum and minimum clearing prices that contribute to the strengthening of investment conditions for secure capacity and long-term security of supply both within and between Member States. 

 

 


Fundamentals of intraday cross-zonal capacity pricing

 

Basic elements for intraday cross-zonal capacity pricing, according to the ACER Decision No 01/2019 of 24 January 2019 on the methodology for pricing cross-border capacity in the intraday electricity markets, are as follows:

1. the pricing mechanism for cross-zonal capacity in the intraday timeframe is to be based on intraday auctions, as part of the SIDC, i.e. auction SIDC, and to complement the continuous SIDC; 

2. the pricing of intraday cross-zonal capacity will be established by allocating the available cross-zonal capacity for the respective market time unit by intraday auctions using the marginal pricing principle;

3. the intraday auctions are to be organised as implicit auctions where collected orders are matched and cross-zonal capacity is allocated simultaneously for different bidding zones;

4. intraday auctions take into account all valid orders submitted for the respective auctions and determine a clearing price for the relevant bidding zones based on matched orders;

5. cross-zonal capacity is not allowed to be allocated to an intraday auction and continuous trading at the same time (for this purpose, the cross-zonal trade and cross-zonal capacity allocation within the continuous SIDC are temporarily suspended and during this suspension all the available cross-zonal capacity is allocated through the intraday auction), however, the intraday auction don’t have an impact on the continuous SIDC within bidding zones, for at least those bidding zones where more than one NEMO operates;

6. in case the TSOs are not able to provide the intraday cross-zonal capacity to an intraday auction, such capacity, when it becomes available, is allocated through the continuous SIDC;

7. in case an intraday auction is not able to allocate intraday cross-zonal capacity, such capacity is subsequently offered and allocated through the continuous SIDC;

8. the intraday auctions must allow at least 30 minutes of cross-zonal continuous trading for any given market time unit after the publication of the auction results;

8. the intraday auctions are to be implemented on all the bidding zone borders eligible to participate in the SIDC (this obligation applies to bidding zone borders regardless of whether they are already participating in the continuous SIDC or not).

The said ACER’s Decision established the following timing of intraaday auctions:

- one intraday auction is to be held on the day D-1 for all MTUs of the delivery day D, i.e. from the first auction MTU starting at 00:00 until the end of the delivery day D, with a deadline for bid submission at 15:00 market time D-1,

- one intraday auction is to be held on the day D-1 for all MTUs of the delivery day D, i.e. from the first auction MTU starting at 00:00 until the end of the delivery day D, with a deadline for bid submission at 22:00 market time D-1,

- one intraday auction is to be held on the delivery day D for all remaining MTUs of the delivery day D, i.e. from the first auction MTU starting at 12:00 until the end of the delivery day D, with a deadline for bid submission at 10:00 market time D.

 

Reporting of SIDC information to ACER  

 

According to ACER REMIT Quarterly, Issue No. 35/Q4 2023 ACER has been collecting SIDC records of transactions under REMIT Table 1 since the golive of the SIDC project in 2018. Since then, the number of  reported records has grown steadily, even though the growth seemed to somewhat stabilise in 2023. Throughout 2023, the number of SIDC trade records ranged between 10 to 13 million records per month. The ratio of SIDC trades compared to all electricity trades executed on organised market places (OMPs) in 2023 stabilised at roughly 63%.

 

REMIT reporting for order matching via the SIDC mini-auction

 

 
 


The 13th edition of the ACER FAQs on REMIT transaction reporting of 31 March 2022

Question 2.2.13

Within the SIDC (Single Intraday Coupling) an increase of cross-border capacity may lead to the coupling of two Order Books (OBs). In such cases, compatible orders initially placed on the individual OBs are automatically matched by the trading system via a different matching process (batch-matching), which is referred as “mini-auctions”. How such order matching via the mini-auction shall be reported?

Answer

With reference to the reporting of the mini-auctions, the Agency’s understanding is that the orders maintain the same OrderID and are automatically transferred without any action by the market participants to the mini-auction, lasting a few seconds. Such a mini-auction represents a technical solution for the auto-matching system of the orders in the intraday coupling algorithm, but from the data reporting point of view, there is no need to report such an event by suspending the continuous session and reporting the orders in the mini-auction referred to a different ContractID. It will be sufficient to flag the trades resulting from such an auto-matching functionality of the intraday coupling algorithm by reporting the indication “BM” (batch matching) in the “Extra” field in schema REMIT

Table1_V2.xsd as indicated below: <Extra> BM==Yes;BM==Yes</Extra>


 
Electricity Market Design (EMD) amendments

 

quote

 

Regulation of the European Parliament and of the Council amending Regulations (EU) 2019/943 and (EU) 2019/942 as well as Directives (EU) 2018/2001 and (EU) 2019/944 to improve the Union’s electricity market design, Text of the provisional agreement as of 14 December 2023

 

(3) Article 7 is amended as follows:

(a) paragraph 1 is replaced by the following:  

‘1. Transmission system operators and NEMOs, shall jointly organise the management of the integrated day-ahead and intraday markets in accordance with Regulation (EU) 2015/1222. Transmission system operators and NEMOs shall cooperate at Union level or, where more appropriate, at a regional level in order to maximise the efficiency and effectiveness of Union electricity day-ahead and intraday trading. The obligation to cooperate shall be without prejudice to the application of Union competition law. In their functions relating to electricity trading, transmission system operators and NEMOs shall be subject to regulatory oversight by the regulatory authorities pursuant to Article 59 of Directive (EU) 2019/944 and ACER pursuant to Articles 4 and 8 of Regulation (EU) 2019/942 and the transparency obligations and effective supervision against market manipulation as laid down in the relevant provisions in Regulation [REMIT II].’  

(b) paragraph 2 is amended as follows:

(i) point (c) is replaced by the following:  

‘(c) maximise the opportunities for all market participants to participate in cross-zonal and intra-zonal trade in a non-discriminatory way and as close as possible to real time across and within all bidding zones;’ 

(ii) the following point (ca) is inserted:

‘(ca) be organised in such a way as to ensure the sharing of liquidity between all NEMOs, at all times, both for cross-zonal and for intra-zonal trade. 

For the day-ahead market, from one hour before the gate closure time until the latest point in time where day-ahead trade is allowed, NEMOs shall both submit all orders for day-ahead products or products with same characteristics to the single day-ahead coupling and shall not organise trading with day-ahead products or products with same characteristics outside the single day-ahead coupling. 

For the intraday market, from the single intraday coupling gate opening time until the latest point in time when intraday trading is allowed in a given bidding zone, NEMOs shall both submit all orders for intraday products and products with same characteristics to the single intraday coupling and NEMOs shall not organise trading with intraday products or products with same characteristics outside the intraday coupling. 

This obligation shall apply to NEMOs and to undertakings which directly or indirectly exercise control over a NEMO and to undertakings which are directly or indirectly controlled by a NEMO.

(f) be transparent and, where applicable, provide information by generation units while at the same time protecting the confidentiality of commercially sensitive information and ensuring trading occurs in an anonymous manner;’

 

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